A few years later, in 1859, crude oil was discovered in Pennsylvania in the United States. The refined products were used in Łukasiewicz’s kerosene lamp, as well as in artificial asphalt, machine oil, and lubricants. The first oil refineries were built by Ignacy Łukasiewicz near Jasło, Poland (then under Austrian rule) in 1854–56. The beginnings of the petrochemical industry date back to the 1850s. Diesel fuel specifications differ for various fuel grades and in different countries. Important properties which are used to characterize diesel fuel include cetane number (or cetane index), fuel volatility, density, viscosity, low temperature operability properties, and sulfur content. Abstract: Diesel fuel is a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by distillation of crude oil.
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